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Add instructions on how to install NixOS on Media Temple
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Gasper Vozel
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MediaTemple/README.md
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MediaTemple/README.md
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# NixOS on Media Temple
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On Media Temple we can install NixOS on Ubuntu servers by using a custom infect script.
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## Add a new server
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1. Click on `Add New Service` and select `Self Managed VPS`.
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1. Select appropriate server resources (e.g. 2 CPU, 4GB RAM and 100GB storage) and tick `No control panel`.
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1. After order has been processed you will need to finish the installation (selecting Ubuntu
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version, setting username and password)
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## Infect Ubuntu 20.04
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After executing the infect script (`bash infect.sh`) you will need to modify the
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`hardware-configuration.nix` file. The script will stop and you will need to do it
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manually. You will need to remove all `squashfs` and `vfat` (efi boot) entries.
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The automatically generated config will look something like this:
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```
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# Do not modify this file! It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’
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# and may be overwritten by future invocations. Please make changes
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# to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix instead.
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{ config, lib, pkgs, modulesPath, ... }:
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{
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imports =
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[ (modulesPath + "/profiles/qemu-guest.nix")
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];
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boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "ata_piix" "virtio_pci" "virtio_scsi" ];
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boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ ];
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boot.kernelModules = [ ];
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boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];
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fileSystems."/" =
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{ device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/e46da1b8-55a0-4df9-842e-8d80c3a22ffc";
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fsType = "ext4";
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};
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fileSystems."/snap/snapd/12883" =
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{ device = "/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapd_12883.snap";
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fsType = "squashfs";
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options = [ "loop" ];
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};
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fileSystems."/snap/core20/1081" =
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{ device = "/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core20_1081.snap";
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fsType = "squashfs";
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options = [ "loop" ];
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};
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fileSystems."/boot/efi" =
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{ device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/7341-10DC";
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fsType = "vfat";
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};
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fileSystems."/snap/lxd/21545" =
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{ device = "/var/lib/snapd/snaps/lxd_21545.snap";
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fsType = "squashfs";
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options = [ "loop" ];
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};
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fileSystems."/snap/snapd/14549" =
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{ device = "/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapd_14549.snap";
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fsType = "squashfs";
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options = [ "loop" ];
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};
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fileSystems."/snap/core20/1270" =
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{ device = "/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core20_1270.snap";
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fsType = "squashfs";
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options = [ "loop" ];
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};
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fileSystems."/snap/lxd/21835" =
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{ device = "/var/lib/snapd/snaps/lxd_21835.snap";
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fsType = "squashfs";
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options = [ "loop" ];
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};
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swapDevices = [ ];
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}
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```
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It's also recommended to name `fileSystem."/"` device to `/dev/sda3` in case the server
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gets relocated (disk UUID will change) and add `nvme` to `boot.initrd.kernelModules`.
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How do I know it's `/dev/sda3` and not e.g. sda1 or sda2? Run `lsblk` and you will see
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the correct pact. In our case:
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```
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root@ip:~# lsblk
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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loop0 7:0 0 32.3M 1 loop /snap/snapd/12883
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loop1 7:1 0 61.8M 1 loop /snap/core20/1081
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loop2 7:2 0 67.3M 1 loop /snap/lxd/21545
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loop3 7:3 0 43.4M 1 loop /snap/snapd/14549
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loop4 7:4 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1270
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loop5 7:5 0 67.2M 1 loop /snap/lxd/21835
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sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
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├─sda1 8:1 0 4M 0 part
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├─sda2 8:2 0 106M 0 part /boot/efi
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└─sda3 8:3 0 99.9G 0 part /
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```
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Optional:
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- Add a bit of swap.
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- Mount `/dev/sda2` partition on `/boot`
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After you remove all the `squashfs` and the efi boot entries you will be left with:
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```
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# Do not modify this file! It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’
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# and may be overwritten by future invocations. Please make changes
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# to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix instead.
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{ config, lib, pkgs, modulesPath, ... }:
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{
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imports = [ ];
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boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "ata_piix" "uhci_hcd" "xen_blkfront" ];
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boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ "nvme" ];
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boot.kernelModules = [ ];
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boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];
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fileSystems."/" =
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{ device = "/dev/sda3";
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fsType = "ext4";
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};
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fileSystems."/boot" =
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{ device = "/dev/sda2";
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fsType = "vfat";
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};
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swapDevices = [
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{
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device = "/swapfile";
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size = 1024;
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priority = 0;
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}
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];
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}
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```
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The last few lines of infect output will look something like this:
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```
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perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
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perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
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LANGUAGE = (unset),
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LC_ALL = "en_US.UTF-8",
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LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8",
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LANG = "C.UTF-8"
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are supported and installed on your system.
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perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("C.UTF-8").
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updating GRUB 2 menu...
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installing the GRUB 2 boot loader on /dev/sda...
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Installing for i386-pc platform.
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/nix/store/jx1qj6fh98fnifslhllpcaqaia2nhxz5-grub-2.06/sbin/grub-install: warning: cannot open directory `/nix/store/jx1qj6fh98fnifslhllpcaqaia2nhxz5-grub-2.06/share/locale': No such file or directory.
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Installation finished. No error reported.
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```
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Verify `/etc/nixos/*.nix` config files and make sure they are correct (especially IPs in
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`configuration.nix`).
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After reboot, you should be able to SSH to the server.
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MediaTemple/configuration.nix
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MediaTemple/configuration.nix
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{ pkgs, ... }: {
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imports = [
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./hardware-configuration.nix
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# Including this by default now to avoid potential problems with missing kernel modules
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<nixpkgs/nixos/modules/profiles/all-hardware.nix>
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];
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boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda";
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networking.useDHCP = false;
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networking.enableIPv6 = false;
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networking.interfaces.ens3.useDHCP = false;
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networking.defaultGateway = "169.254.0.1";
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networking.nameservers = [ "1.1.1.1" "1.0.0.1" ];
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networking.interfaces.ens3 = {
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ipv4.addresses = [
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{ address = "1.2.3.4"; prefixLength = 32; } # Primary IP
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{ address = "1.2.3.5"; prefixLength = 32; } # Secondary IP
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];
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ipv4.routes = [{
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address = "169.254.0.1"; # IP of the gateway
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prefixLength = 32;
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}];
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};
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services.openssh = {
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enable = true;
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permitRootLogin = "prohibit-password";
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passwordAuthentication = false;
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};
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# Set initial root password in case we need to use the rescue console.
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# IMPORTANT: change the password!
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users.users.root.initialPassword = "secret";
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# IMPORTANT: replace with your own key(s)!
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users.users.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [
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"ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAAD..."
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];
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system.stateVersion = "21.05";
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}
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42
MediaTemple/infect.sh
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MediaTemple/infect.sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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set -e -o pipefail
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# Add build group and user
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groupadd nixbld -g 30000 || true
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for i in {1..10}; do
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useradd -c "Nix build user $i" -d /var/empty -g nixbld -G nixbld -M -N -r -s "$(which nologin)" "nixbld$i" || true
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done
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# Install NixOS
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curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
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. /root/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh
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nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05 nixpkgs
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nix-channel --update
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# Install NixOS installation tools, TODO: Make nicer
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nix-env -iE "_: with import <nixpkgs/nixos> { configuration = {}; }; with config.system.build; [ nixos-generate-config ]"
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# Set up configurations and install it in a profile
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nixos-generate-config
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echo "---"
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echo "Remove the lxcfs (on Ubuntu 16.04) or squashfs (on Ubuntu 20.04 and 21.04) entry with nano"
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sleep 5
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nano /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
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cp configuration.nix /etc/nixos
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nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/system -f '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -I nixos-config=/etc/nixos/configuration.nix -iA system
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# Set NixOS to boot and replace the original distro
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touch /etc/NIXOS
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cat > /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE <<EOF
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etc/nixos
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root/.nix-defexpr/channels
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EOF
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# Switch to NixOS OS
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/nix/var/nix/profiles/system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
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echo "---"
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echo "Verify all the settings and check if there were any problematic errors."
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echo "If everything is OK, reboot"
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echo ""
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echo "Keep in mind that you have to deal with /old-root after reboot"
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